Teen Suicide Rate Quadrupled Over the Past Decade
This study aims to characterize rates of clinically documented “diseases of despair” over the last decade and identify sociodemographic risk factors.
Web Exclusives
Alcaligenes faecalis: An Emerging Extensively Drug-Resistant Bacterium
Retrospective analysis was conducted to assess the presence of A faecalis infection, extensively drug-resistant A faecalis infection, and the susceptibility of commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of A faecalis and XDR A faecalis.
Potential Beneficial Effect of Antidiabetic Medications COPD Exacerbations
Duration-dependent beneficial effects of metformin, sulfonylurea, and thiazolidinedione use on COPD exacerbation have been observed in patients with COPD and diabetes.
FDA Urges HCPs to Follow Authorized Dosing Schedules for COVID-19 Vaccines
Additional research from the vaccine manufacturers would be needed to support any changes to the dosing schedule.
Next-Generation Sequencing Helps Identify Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Researchers performed a systematic review of PubMed literature until May2020 including clinical sequencing studies that utilized next-generation sequencing (NGS) in individuals with epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or intellectual disability (ID).
Half of the Population May Be Experiencing Clinically Significant Sleep Difficulties During the Pandemic
This study aimed to evaluate changes in sleep during the COVID-19 outbreak, and used data-driven approaches to identify distinct profiles of changes in sleep-related behaviors. Demographic, behavioral and psychological factors associated with sleep changes were also investigated.
Rapid Decay of IgA and IgM Following COVID-19 Infection
Study authors measured the levels of immunoglobulin M, IgG, and IgA in healthcare workers, and observed fast decay of 2 antibodies which has implications for further seroprevalence studies.
Lower Remission Rate in Asthma May Be Linked to Age at Diagnosis
Late-diagnosed asthma was identified as the most independent significant risk factor for non-remission in patients with asthma.
Top FDA Approvals of December 2020
In addition to 2 COVID-19 vaccines, the FDA approved multiple medications of import to nurse practitioners and physician assistants.
Clinical Remission Observed With Risankizumab in Crohn Disease Trials
Risankizumab is currently FDA-approved under the brand name Skyrizi for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
AAAAI/ACAAI/CSACI Consensus Statement on Infant Food Allergy Prevention
The AAAAI, ACAAI, and the CSACI have published a consensus statement and recommendations on nutritional interventions for the prevention of food allergy.
Osteoporosis Undertreated Among Nursing Home Residents With Recent Falls, Fractures
Researchers evaluated the prevalence of pharmacologic osteoporosis prevention among nursing home residents and assessed its association with patient characteristics.
Testosterone Therapy May Reduce Diabetes Risk
Additional safety data on testosterone therapy are needed before it can be used to prevent type 2 diabetes.
Opdivo No Longer FDA-Approved for Small Cell Lung Cancer
In 2018, the FDA granted accelerated approval to Opdivo for SCLC based on data from the phase 1/2 CheckMate -032 trial.
Oral vs IV Acetaminophen in Preoperative Multimodality Pain Management: Are They Equal?
Retrospective analysis sought to determine the effectiveness, cost, and impact on postoperative opioid use for the 2 formulations when used in a perioperative pain management regimen.
Preoperative Opioid Use, Fatigue Severity May Predict Pain After TKA
Preoperative risk factors, including opioid use and fatigue severity, may be an important part of preoperative screening to determine post-TKA pain outcomes.
Smoking Risks for Colorectal Cancer to Discuss With Patients
Smoking is consistently seen as a risk for various cancers, and in recent years it has been connected to colorectal cancer in particular.
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine Promising Against SARS-CoV-2 in Older Adults
AstraZeneca assessed the immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of their novel chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19.
Invasive Pulmonary Fungal Infection Risk in Severe SARS-CoV-2-Related Pneumonia
There appears to be a low risk of invasive fungal secondary infection, especially aspergillosis, in patients with SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia and no underlying immunosuppression.
Reduced All-Cause Mortality in COPD With Budesonide/ Glycopyrrolate/ Formoterol
Triple therapy with budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate may reduce the risk of death compared with glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate in patients with COPD.
Physical Activity Important for Osteoporosis Prevention in Older Adults
There may be an association between physical activity and osteoporosis prevention among individuals aged at least 65 years.
Substance Use Disorder Associated With an Increased Risk of Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes
Researchers analyzed how substance use disorder affected the risk of hospitalization, complications and mortality among adult patients who were diagnosed with having a COVID-19 infection.
Lessons Learned From COVID-19 Response in New York City Hospitals
This detailed description of an institutional response to the COVID-19 pandemic in NYC highlights approaches that can be applied to help other hospitals plan for surges.
Neutrophilic Inflammation, Immunothrombosis May Distinguish Severe COVID-19 From Influenza
Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with immunothrombotic, neutrophil-containing vessel occlusions in the lung.
Progressive Muscle Relaxation Delivered by Smartphone App Acceptable for Migraine
A smartphone application delivering guided progressive muscle relaxation was a both an accessible and acceptable form of therapy for patients with migraine.
Counterfeit HIV Drug Identified in 3 US Pharmacies
The counterfeit products were procured from unauthorized distributors.
Machine Learning Predicts Psychosis in High-Risk Patients
The study authors evaluated whether psychosis transition can be predicted in patients with clinical high-risk or recent-onset depression using multimodal machine learning that integrates clinical and neurocognitive data, structural magnetic resonance imaging, and polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia.
Bacterial Infections, Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis Affect Course of Decompensated Cirrhosis
An international team of investigators conducted a multicenter, prospective, observational study to identify factors contributing to acute decompensation of cirrhosis.
BMI, Neuroticism, and Conduct Problems Associated With Future Eating Disorders
Researchers conducted a population-based, longitudinal cohort study of data from adolescent participants in the IMAGEN Study, seeking to identify early associations with the development of eating disorders.
Few Studies Adequately Report Adverse Events in CBT for Insomnia
Cognitive behavioral therapy is the first line treatment for insomnia, but studies have reported potential negative effects. This review aims to understand the extent to which adverse events are monitored for and reported in trial literature.
What Are the Cardiovascular Risks of Climate Change?
Researchers find that climate change is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation May Not Reduce Renal Function in Sickle Cell Disease
For patients with sickle cell disease, HSCT may not be associated with a significant increase in CKD incidence or prevalence following transplantation.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Increased Mortality Risk and Viral Spread
Researchers reviewed COVID-19 literature to determine the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and adverse COVID-19 outcomes.
Low Rates of Bacterial Co-Infections in COVID-19 Patients
Study authors analyzed microbiological data on COVID-19 patients to assess for bacterial co-infections associated with antimicrobial therapy.
Post-COVID-19 Recovery, Patients May Still Carry SARS-CoV-2 RNA
Investigators retested RT-PCR positive nasal/oropharyngeal swab samples from recovered COVID-19 patients with prior negative results to assess the presence of replicative SARS-CoV-2 RNA.
Salt Intake Tied to Kidney Failure Risk in Older Adults
Patients older than 65 years whose salt intake is greater than 8 g/d have a nearly 44% decreased risk for end-stage kidney disease compared with those whose intake is less than 6 g/d, a study found.
Psoriatic Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Have Similar Effect on Hand Function
Researchers compared the effect of psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis on objective and subjective parameters of hand function.
Systemic Analysis of the Hallmarks of Advanced COVID-19 Pathology
Study authors provided a systemic analysis of to identify key characteristics of extensive and advanced COVID-19.
For Some Americans, the COVID-19 Pandemic Shifted Perceptions About Poverty
The researchers tested whether the COVID-19 pandemic has altered beliefs about the extent to which poverty is caused by external forces and internal dispositions and support for economic inequality.
Daytime Physical Activity May Affect Sleep in Patients with Fibromyalgia and Insomnia
Patients with fibromyalgia suffer from chronic pain, which limits physical activity and is associated with disturbed sleep. However, the relationship between physical activity, pain, and sleep is unclear.
Symptom-Based Case Definitions for Detecting Influenza in Pregnant Women
Study authors evaluated the performance of symptom-based definitions to detect influenza in a cohort of pregnant women in India, Peru, and Thailand.
Tapering Oral Corticosteroids in Asthma: Expert Consensus Statements
Expert consensus statements regarding the use and tapering of oral corticosteroids may be used to help inform treatment in clinical practice and to optimize the management of patients with severe asthma.
Antibiotic Stewardship Initiative Improves Care, Patient Engagement
Patients with viral infections were less likely to be prescribed antibiotics following a 4-part antibiotic stewardship intervention at an urgent care center.
NSAID Use Among US Adults With Cardiovascular Disease Examined
Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994 and 1999 to 2016 were used for this analysis.
Depression and Anxiety Associated With Disease Activity, Functional Status in Early RA
Researchers evaluated the frequency of depression and anxiety in early RA and explored the association its disease-related measures.
Among University Students the Response to Stressors Caused by the Global Pandemic Differs Between Men and Women
While the global pandemic is obviously stressful for everyone, the impact of factors related to the family unit and other protective psychosocial factors that could produce resilient or psychopathological results in college students has not been sufficiently assessed nor differentiated by gender.
Pet Meds Listed in Owner’s Medication Profile Lead to Confusion in the ED
The patient, a 67-year-old female, presented to the emergency department with altered mental status.
Gout May Be Associated With Increased Risk for Epilepsy
Researchers determined the association between gout and epilepsy and the risk for epilepsy in patients with gout.
Kidney Cancer Stage Migrated Downward in Low Income Patients After ACA
Higher proportions of patients in the low to middle income brackets were diagnosed with localized renal cell carcinoma in states allowing Medicaid expansion.
Inefficient Sleep May Forecast Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Reduced slow-wave activity during non-rapid eye movement sleep and low sleep efficiency, both of which sleep assessments can measure, may be part of biomarkers that forecast the rate of cortical β-amyloid deposition in the brain.
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