Orthopedic manual physical therapy, when combined with biobehavioral therapy, may not provide additional benefits to patients with chronic low back pain.
Benefits include lower hip-related downstream costs and lower opioid use after arthroscopic surgery.
A combination of self-care education, aerobic and strength-training exercise, and spinal manipulation therapy may provide greater pain relief and improved treatment satisfaction compared with exercise only in adolescents with low back pain.
Pain neuroscience education, targeted motor control training more effective for chronic spinal pain
