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Lower back pain is one of the most common conditions for which patients present for evaluation in health care. Sacroiliac (SI) joint dysfunction is an often overlooked source of lower back disease. This is especially true with mild or moderate SI joint arthritis because conventional radiographs may be inconclusive.1 The most common symptom of SI…

Acquired digital fibrokeratoma is a rare, fibrous tumor that is most commonly found on the fingers but has also been observed on the toes and soles of the feet.1 The condition was first described in 1968.2 Lesions present as firm, flesh-colored papules that are usually asymptomatic. Most lesions are < 1 cm in diameter, although…

The loss of protective sensation in patients with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy can result in ulcerations of the foot. The most common locations for foot ulcers involve bony prominences such as the base of the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint, the top of the toes, and side of the foot. Prior amputation of the foot digits can…

Acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN) begins as papules and pustules that develop into firm crusted plaques.1 Despite its name, AKN is not a keloid.2 The posterior scalp and neck are the primary sites of involvement, and the condition is almost exclusively found in Black teenagers and young adults.1,2 Hereditary predisposition and the combination of coarse curly…

Figure 2 shows a hypertrophic nonunion of the clavicle fracture. The process of fracture healing usually takes place over a 6-week period and is typically completed by 3 to 4 months. The size and location of the fracture usually determines the healing time; smaller bones in the hand may take 4 to 6 weeks to…

Verruca vulagris (warts) are among the most common growths encountered by physicians.1 Classic sites of these lesions include the fingers, the dorsal surface of hands, the soles of feet (plantar verrucae), and genitalia (condyloma). Verrucae result from an infection of human papillomavirus (HPV), of which some 200 distinct genotypes have been identified.2 HPV infects basal…

The patient was diagnosed with brachioradial pruritus (BP), a type of chronic localized neuropathic itch that commonly presents on the upper arms, elbows, and forearms with or without evidence of scratching.1 The etiology of this entity is uncertain; pathogenesis has been linked to several factors including previous cervical spine or rib injury, as well as…

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CARP) is a relatively rare form of dermatosis that occurs in both sexes and all ethnic groups.1 However, 2 recent studies suggest that CARP occurs more commonly in white patients and ethnicities with lighter skin.1,2 In addition, the average age of onset and sex of CARP patients varies by ethnicity.  Although…

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common type of scoliosis in patients between the ages of 10 and 18 years.1 Scoliosis is defined as a lateral curvature >10°.1 Girls are 10 times more likely to have curvatures of >30° and are more likely to have a progressive deformity.1 AIS is best managed based on…