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SONK often starts with a sudden onset of knee pain that may worsen at night. SONK must be differentiated from secondary osteonecrosis, which most commonly results from corticosteroid use. Other conditions that cause secondary osteonecrosis include alcoholism, smoking, and coagulopathy. SONK is thought to result from an insufficiency fracture of the femoral condyle that fails…

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The patient underwent excisional biopsy that revealed adipose tissue entrapped within bundles of collagen, a finding indicative of a pedunculated lipofibroma. The most common type of these soft fibromas are skin tags (acrochordons), which occur in approximately 25% of men and women and are characterized by pedunculated lesions that range in color from flesh-toned to…

Tumid lupus, also known as lupus erythematosus tumidus (LET), is an uncommon autoimmune disorder caused by a multitude of factors such as genetics, the environment, and hormones.1 LET is more commonly seen in men aged 41 to 50 years. Dysregulation of the immune system has been postulated as contributing to the pathophysiology of LET.2 Data…

Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD), also known as familial benign chronic pemphigus, is a rare genetic dermatosis that causes keratinocyte acantholysis and disruption of the desmosome-keratin complexes in the suprabasal layers of the epidermis.1 Howard and Hugh Hailey first characterized it in 1939 in their case study of 2 adult brothers with a unique blistering syndrome.2 The…